CPPM注册职业采购经理分享采购中英文专业术语

在采购的实际工作和学习中，采购人员经常都会遇到一些专业术语，其中一些术语可能是常见的，但有一些术语是少用的，也许很多的采购人员都不太清楚它们的具体意思，特别是英文术语，不少采购人员更是难以理解。这里众智供应链的小编根据CPPM注册职业采购经理的学习资料，整理的一些采中英文采购专业术语的解释，供大家学习参考！








ABC ANALYSIS 存货价值控制 ABC 分析

Application of Pareto's Law, or the 80/20 rule. ABC analysis, as related to inventory, is simply a determination of the relative ratios between the number of items and the dollar value of theitems purchased repetitively for stock. In most organizations,5-10% of the items ("A" items) account for 75-80% of the investment; the next 15-20% of the items ("B" items) account for 20-25% of the investment; and the remaining 75-80% of the items ("C" items) account for 5-10% of the investment.Inventories should be managed accordingly, with more emphasisplaced on the strategic management of the "A" items.

ABC 分析是应用柏拉图定律，或 80/20 的比例原则，将经常性存货计算出每一项目占总存货项目，以及总存货金额的比例。一般而言，5–10%的项目(称为 A 项目)占总存货金额的75–80%，20–25%的项目(称为 B 项目)占总存货金额的 15–20%，而70–75%的项目(称为 C项目)占总存货金额的 5–10%。存货必须依照其所占之不同比例来管理，并应将重点放在A项目的策略管理上。更恰当一点的描述应该是「重大的采购金额(80%)，是发生在主要的少数项目(20%)上面」。其主要的目的是在帮助管理者确认，那些采购项目才是值得投注努力，而能获得更高更大的效益，也在协助采购进行重点式的管理。




ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE 绝对利益

A competitive strength enjoyed by a country as a result of a natural endowment that other countries do not have.

一个国家因为具有优于其它国家之天然资源，所产生的竞争优势。假设今有甲、乙两贸易国，并以生产 A、B 两商品而言，等量资本投注在甲国生产 A 商品的劳动生产力，高于乙国生产 A 商品的劳动生产力，那么甲国则具有生产此 A 商品的「绝对利益」。




ACCEPTANCE TESTING 允收抽样

A statistical quality control technique used to evaluate the overall condition of a given lot by inspecting only a portion or sample of the lot.

一种统计品管的方法，藉由检验特定批量中的一部份或样本，来评估其总体质量的情况。抽样可以依据前批或前数批检验结果进行加严或放宽，针对人力物力可有效运用。




ACCEPTANCE 接受

The intentional indication of an offeree to be bound by the terms of an offer.

受报价者展示其承认报价者条款约束力的意图。




ACCESSORIAL CHARGES 附属费用

Costs that carriers may charge in addition to the transportation cost. They include single shipment,inside delivery, notification, and storage and redelivery charges.

运输公司在运输成本之外，所附加的费用，包括单次运送，内部交付，运送通知，以及储存与转运的费用。




ACCOUNTING SYSTEM 会计系统

The combination of records and procedures that discover, record, classify, and report information about the financial position and operations of an organization.

公司透过纪录与程序的结合来，揭露，纪录，分类，及报告其财务状况与营运情况。




ACCULTURATION 文化适应

The process of becoming familiar with another culture.

熟悉另一种文化的过程。




ACKNOWLEDGMENT 承认书

A communication (written or electronic) used to inform the buyer that the supplier has accepted a purchase order. An acknowledgment creates a bilateral contract, as long as the terms of the acknowledgment are not substantively different from those of the purchase order.

供货商用来通知接受买方订单的单据。只要承认书中的条件与买方订单所载没有实质上的差异，承认书即代表着双边协议的达成。




ACQUISITION COST 取得成本

In the context of economic order quantity (EOQ) analysis, acquisition cost includes all costs associated with generating and processing an order and its related paperwork. In a broader management sense, acquisition costs are the sum of the ordering, transporting, handling, and all inventory holding costs associated with the acquisition of a material.

在经济订购量(E.O.Q.)分析里，「取得成本」包含了产生及处理订单所有花费的成本，以及其相关的文书作业。从管理的广义角度来看，「取得成本」则是与取得物料相关的订购、运输、搬运、及所有存货持有成本的成本总和。




ACQUISITION PROCESS 取得程序

The series of activities involved in obtaining necessary inputs for an organization. Key steps are:(1) determination of need; (2) communication of need; (3) identification of potential sources; (4)solicitation and evaluation of bids and proposals; (5) preparation of the purchase order; (6)follow-up and expediting; (7) receipt and inspection; (8) clearing the invoice and payment; and (9)maintenance of records.

为组织取得营运所需而采取的一系列的作业活动。主要的步骤包括：(1)提出请购需求，确定需求内容；(2) 与使用单位沟通需求的细节；(3)寻找并确定有潜力的供应厂商；(4) 发出询价通知并审核报价，开标，并确认得标供货商；(5) 准备及发出采购订单，供货商签回并确认交期；(6) 订单的跟催与催货；(7) 供货商交货、收货、检验、入库；(8) 付款并结案；(9) 采购记录归档。


众智培训根据CPPM注册职业采购经理的学习资料，整理的一些采中英文采购专业术语的解释，这里是小编整理的第2期采购人员会遇到的采购供应链术语解释，供大家学习参考！










ACTIVITY-BASED COSTING 作业活动基础成本法( 或作业基础成本会计制度)

A method for attributing indirect costs, based on the activities that drive cost. This approach is in contrast to traditional accounting methods which pool and arbitrarily allocate indirect costs.

一种依照会产生成本的特定作业活动为基准，来分摊间接成本的方法；它与传统成本制度的不同在于间接费用的分摊方式，传统的成本制度将间接成本分摊到生产成本中心，再分摊到产品上，其做法系采用单一或简化的分摊基础(例如：直接人工小时、机器小时等)，其会导致产品成本短计或溢计，反映出产品与顾客成本不正确，其结果为提供给决策者及作业员工之信息过于笼统；而 ABC 制度是将间接资源支出追溯至各项作业中心(或作业成本库)，并利用作业成本驱动因子(cost driver)来追踪成本标的之作业成本。




ACTUAL AUTHORITY 实际授权

The specific authority given to an agent by a principal.

由一个委托人(本人)授予一个代理人明确的授权。




AD VALOREM RATE 从价税(根据价值)

Customs duty charged on the value of goods that are dutiable, irrespective of quality, weight, or any other considerations. The ad valorem rates of duty are expressed in percentages of the value of the goods, usually ascertained from the invoice.

不管货物的质量、重量、或其它考虑，而只按应税货物的价值来征收关税的通用术语。「从价税」以认定货物价格的百分比征收，通常依发票上的金额来认定。其公式为：关税＝完税价格×税率。一般进口货物大多按从价税课征关税。




ADMINISTERED PRICE 管制价格

A price determined by the policies of a seller rather than by the competitive forces of the marketplace.

由卖方所自觉的价格政策所决定的价格，而不是由市场竞争力机制来决定。




ADMINISTRATION OF CONTRACT PERFORMANCE 履约管理

The essential requirements for various types of procurement contracts shall be prescribed by the responsible entity by taking the international and domestic practices into consideration. In contracting for the services of planning, design, supervision, or management, the contract shall stipulate the responsibility of the supplier in the event that erroneous planning and design,irresponsible supervision, or poor management has caused damages to the entity.

各类采购契约之要项，由主管机关参考国际及国内惯例定之。委托规划、设计、监造或管理之契约，应订明厂商规划设计错误、监造不实或管理不善，致机关遭受损害之责任。




ADMINISTRATION 行政管理

Overseeing purchasing documentation in the context of improving buyer performance.

在改善采购绩效的情形下，监管采购文件的作为。




ADVANCE ARRANGEMENT 预先安排

Prior notification required for the movement of certain commodities by air carrier. Gold and other precious metals, live animals, hazardous materials, and certain other classes of shipments may require such arrangements.

对特定商品空运方式的预先协议，黄金及贵金属、活牲畜、与其它等级的货运或许需要此种安排。




ADVANCE PAYMENTS 预先付款

Payments in advance of delivery for stated amounts or for specified percentages of the purchase price.

在采购交易时，供货商要求交货前按规定的金额，或按采购总价的某一特定百分比来预先支付货款。




ADVANCE SHIPPING NOTICE 预先出货通知

A standardized EDI form detailing an inbound shipment to a receiving location.

标准的 EDI 表格，纪录在送货地点所收到货物的详列内容。




ADVANCED CHARGES 预支收费

The amount of freight or other charges on a shipment advanced by one carrier to another, or to the shipper, to be collected from the consignee.

运送货物的运费或其它费用，由一货运公司预支给另一家货运公司或托运人，然后向收件人收取的费用。

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